有限元SN中子输运模拟的区域分解并行

确定论中子输运方法具有计算速度快、可获取物理量的精细场分布、可高效多物理耦合等优点，随着有限元方法在中子输运模拟中的应用，复杂几何结构、大尺度下的屏蔽问题和临界问题都能得到高保真建模和分析。离散纵标（S_N）法是求解中子输运方程的有效数值方法，基于OpenMP并行机制对各独立离散方向进行并行求解，可提高S_N输运模拟的计算速度，但并行规模较有限。对几何空间进行区域分解并采用MPI并行机制，可实现大规模并行扩展，进而实现对大型问题的高精度快速求解。本文采用并行自适应非结构网格应用框架JAUMIN进行区域分解和进程间通信，通过并行S_N扫描实现了自主有限元输运程序ENTER的高效并行，完成正确性检验后在天河Ⅱ号超级计算机上使用1 440个CPU核完成了1.43×10⁷网格单元、2.81×10⁹自由度规模问题的测试，计算时间约7.4 h。表明该程序具备了有效模拟大型复杂结构中子输运问题的能力，具有一定工程应用价值。     

Preparation of high-activity coal char-based catalysts from high metals containing coal gangue and lignite for catalytic decomposition of biomass tar

The potential of using high metals containing coal gangue and lignite to prepare high-activity coal char-based catalysts is investigated for effective biomass tar decomposition. Loose structure and rough surface are formed for these char-based catalysts with heterogeneous distribution of a large number of inorganic particles. In the biomass tar decomposition, the performance of the coal char-based catalysts is significantly influenced by the content of the metals in the raw materials and coal gangue char (GC) with the ash content as high as 50.80% exhibits the highest activity in this work. A high biomass tar conversion efficiency of 93.5% is achieved at 800 °C along with a significant increase in the fuel gas product. During the five-time consecutive tests, the catalytic performance of GC increases a little at the second or third times reuse and remains relatively stable, showing the remarkable stability of the catalyst in biomass tar decomposition applications.     

Service quality,technical efficiency and total factor productivity growth in Pakistan's post-reform electricity distribution companies

Pakistan's energy sector has undergone substantial reforms during the last three decades with the aim to improve its operational performance and to cater to the growing energy needs of the economy. In the wake of these reforms, the WAPDA Act was passed in 1998 to achieve operational and financial efficiencies. Pakistan's electricity market is still hampered by issues like extended blackouts, electricity thefts, high circular debt and poor service quality. The electricity distribution sector is thus an interesting case to investigate its efficiency in the post-reform period by examining the impact of service-quality parameters (SQPs), which have generally been neglected in the literature. Stochastic frontier analysis has been used to estimate technical efficiency, while the Malmquist Productivity Index is implemented to decompose total factor productivity (TFP) into scale change, technical change and efficiency change from 2006 to 2016. We conclude that the technical efficiency score declines from 98 percent to 36 percent with the inclusion of SQPs in the models. The results also indicate a negative trend in scale change, implying that distribution companies are not operating at the technically optimal scale. We propose that the regulatory body should change its governance regime and focus on incentive-based regulation instead of rate-of-return regulation.     

基于改进SOA-VMD的磁声发射信号去噪算法

磁声发射（MAE）是铁磁性材料磁化过程中产生的声发射信号，在构件应力检测和微观损伤检测中有着广泛的应用。针对MAE信号非稳态、复杂性、衰减性等特点，提出海鸥算法结合变分模态分解（SOA-VMD）的去噪方法，为克服海鸥算法求解过程中易陷入局部最优解问题，利用柯西变异算子产生随机迭代过程，使改进算法即柯西变异海欧算法（CVSOA）跳出早熟收敛。采用以幅值谱熵为适应度函数，优化VMD算法中分解模态个数K和二次惩戒因子α两个参数，将含噪声的MAE信号进行VMD分解重构。经仿真信号和实际检测信号分析表明，改进后的CVSOA-VMD算法全局寻优能力和去噪性能优于传统的SOA-VMD算法，降噪后的MAE信号特征值对于不同应力下均方根、偏斜度特征值的重复性更好，可靠性更高。     

基于SVD和SSA-VMD降噪的轴承故障特征提取

针对强噪声背景下轴承故障特征提取困难的问题，提出一种基于奇异值分解和参数优化变分模态分解联合降噪的轴承故障特征提取方法(SSVMD)：首先，对原始信号进行奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition，SVD)处理，运用奇异值差分谱法选取有效奇异值并将原始信号重构得到初步降噪信号；其次，为防止故障信息丢失，将残余信号进行麻雀算法(Sparrow Search Algorithm，SSA)优化的变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition，VMD）算法处理，得到最佳的模态个数K和惩罚参数α，选取峭度值最大、包络熵最小的IMF分量与初步降噪信号叠加得到最终降噪信号，并对信号进行包络分析；最后，通过仿真和试验数据分析得出，该方法能在信噪比很低的情况下降低噪声含量并提取轴承故障特征，为设备的状态监测和故障诊断提供理论依据。     

Trudinger-Moser不等式的两种证明方法

Trudinger-Moser不等式在研究带有临界指数增长非线性项的偏微分方程解的存在性问题上有着重要的应用.在径向空间中利用施瓦兹对称重排，基于单位分解的技巧取截断函数是证明Trudinger-Moser不等式的两种主要方法.     

Microstructure evolution and decomposition behavior of an novel core-multi-shell structure TiH2 foaming agent

Al foams have received an increasing attention due to their light weight, high specific strength, energy absorption, sound absorption, damping and electromagnetic shielding. However, the issue of low mechanical property is still a challenge due to the mismatch between the melting point of Al and Al alloys and the decomposition temperature of TiH₂ blowing agent. In this work, an novel TiH₂ foaming agent with core-multi-shell structure (TiH₂/Ti₃O@TiO₂/BPR) was prepared by thermal oxidation and coating boron phenolic resin (BPR) treatment. The results showed that the composite layers of Ti₃O@TiO₂ with a thickness about 70 nm and BPR with a thickness about 200 nm were formed on the surface of TiH₂ particles which can act as an excellent thermal and diffusional barrier to retard the heat transfer and delay the release of hydrogen. Compared with as-received and pre-oxidized TiH₂ particles, TiH₂/Ti₃O@TiO₂/BPR particles exhibited an excellent slow release property and its peak temperature of hydrogen release and corresponding time are about 647 °C and 1801 s, which increased by about 83 °C and 176 s, 44 °C and 59 s, respectively. The hydrogen release temperature matched well with the melting point of Al and Al alloys, which is very suitable for preparing high quality Al foams.     

Formation mechanism of maze-like open macropores in Mn3O4 microspheres by heating in water vapor and their single-particle compressive behavior

Thermal decomposition of inorganic salts, such as carbonates, oxalates, and nitrates, is a facile method for synthesizing porous oxides; however, it typically produces either micropores or mesopores with sizes below 50 nm. Macropores larger than 50 nm can capture fine particles from a liquid or gas flow and thus be employed not only for environmental purification but also for the preparation of functional composites. In this study, we investigate the role of water vapor in the formation of macroporous Mn₃O₄ by the thermal decomposition of MnCO₃. It is found that water vapor accelerates the decomposition of MnCO₃ and subsequent particle growth as well as the conversion of manganese oxides at lower temperatures than in air. As a result, maze-like open macropores are formed by the randomly growing primary particle walls. Single-particle compressive tests reveal that small microspheres with sizes of 3 µm are easily deformed to relieve compressive stress. The macropore formation through the thermal decomposition of MnCO₃ in water vapor and microstructural tuning of the pore size, particle size ratio, and degree of curvature of interior walls can potentially expand the application range of porous oxide materials.     

Hydrogen production via ammonia decomposition catalyzed by Ni/M–Mo–N (M = Ni,Co) bimetallic nitrides

This study demonstrates the significant improvement in NH₃ decomposition using Ni-decorated M–Mo–N-based catalysts (M = Co and Ni) compared with conventional catalysts. Catalysts are prepared using a mixture of the corresponding metal salts and hexamethylenetetramine, and the impregnation method is used to decorate the Ni-particles on the catalysts. Among all the samples, 10 wt% Ni-decorated Co₃Mo₃N exhibits the highest NH₃ conversion rate (71%) at 500 °C, and the performance remains stable for 30 h of long-term testing. According to the gas chromatography measurements, the H₂/N₂ ratio is approximately 3 in all cases, which is consistent with the theoretical value. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that Co₃Mo₃N possesses the highest NH₃ conversion efficiency because of the weaker binding energy of Mo–N. Furthermore, Co₃Mo₃N exhibits a stronger Lewis acidity and higher NH₃ decomposition, which is attributed to the easy breaking of the N–H bond on the Co₃Mo₃N surface.     

Controllable synthesis of porous Co3O4 nanorods and their ethanol-sensing performance

A simple strategy for synthesizing porous Co₃O₄ nanostructures through a hydrothermal process with subsequent thermal decomposition of the obtained Co(CO3)0·35Cl0·20(OH)1.10 precursors was introduced. To understand the growth mechanism of the Co(CO₃)_0·35Cl_0·20(OH)_1.10 precursors and realize morphology control of the resultant Co₃O₄ nanomaterials, a series of controlled experiments were carried out by varying CO(NH₂)₂ dosages, hydrothermal temperatures and time. The Co₃O₄ nanorods obtained under optimized synthesis conditions demonstrated porous structural features, which were constructed by well-connected nanograins, leaving many pores composed of the space between nanograins. The ethanol-sensing behaviors of these Co₃O₄ nanostructures were evaluated, showing the highest response (19.581) and a short response and recovery time (1 s/10 s) to 100 ppm ethanol. Moreover, the Co₃O₄ sensor demonstrated excellent anti-interference ability toward several interfering gases such as methanol, benzene hexane, and dichloromethane. The stability of the Co₃O₄ sensor was further confirmed by 14 days of continuous testing. Compared with previously reported works, this Co₃O₄ sensor still demonstrated outstanding gas sensing properties due to its unique advantages such as 1D porous nanostructures, high BET surface area, abundant oxygen vacancies, and active cobalt sites.